Friday, March 20, 2009

Varying Parenting Styles

Proponents of nurture in the debate of nature vs. nurture tend to believe that parenting styles have a great influence on child development. American Psychologist Diana Baumrind theorized four parenting styles in the 20th century, identifying each with certain characteristics that can be seen throughout both childhood and adulthood. These four strategies include permissive, authoritative, authoritarian, and neglectful parenting. 
In authoritative parenting, there is usually a child-centered approach. Within this there is a mutual respect; both the child and parent have a say in situations without allowing for an excess of leniency. These parents encourage independence and a sense of responsibility from a young age. They do not tend to be controlling, however they are very supporting. They use punishment, but nothing extreme and only in moderation when it is deserved. Children raised by authoritative parents tend to have good social skills and usually enter adulthood as responsible, independent, successful, and assertive individuals. They also tend to be liked by teachers, peers, and co-workers, excelling both academically and socially. 
Authoritarian parenting, on the other hand, is characterized by strict conformity and seemingly impossible expectations. There is little or usually no room for open debate and the child is obligated to obey the parents' commands without raising a question. These children tend to be socially withdrawn and look to others to decide what is right, since they lack a sense of individuality and self. They also severely lack spontaneity and creativity, and are likely to rebel because of oppression by authoritarian parents. Many of these children and adults tended to unfortunately feel a self of relief when one/both of their parents died. 
Permissive parenting, the complete opposite of authoritarian, is known for having little or no rules and few behavioral expectations. These parents give in to their child's every need, losing control and allowing the child to basically raise themselves. These children are likely to be impulsive, lack self control, and are incapable of living life without the help of someone else. They also remain close to their beginnings, rarely leaving the place they grew up and forming an attachment to their childhood for the rest of their lives.
The last type of parenting style is neglectful parenting; these parents do not care about their child and are usually very unsupportive. They are uninvolved, disengaged, and do not pay attention to the special needs of their children. These children begin to exhibit antisocial behavior early in adolescence, and often have harsh experiences with depression. They happen to be contradicting and are more likely to engage in risky sex and abuse drugs. 
Psychologists agree that the most successful parenting style is authoritative because it allows for input from both the child and the parent. Having a sense of mutual respect is key for any relationship, whether it be a mature one, a friendship, or the relationship between child and parent. These children tend to have discipline, self-control, confidence, and a good sense of identity. By allowing children to be themselves, and setting guidelines to help lead them to success, authoritative parents tend to raise successful children. 

3 comments:

David An said...

This category is very effective. I can think about my parents' parenting style. My mom is authoritative and my father is authoritarian style. I agree with the result of this analysis because I think I have two different aspects of my personal character. Sometimes, I didn't like my father's way of educating, because I was against the fact that I had to obey what he said to me without lack of understandable reasons. However, my mom was very authoritative. When I misbehaved she punished me with specific reasons that I could realize and think about what I had done; then, the punishment was acceptable and educated me. I absolutely understand my father's intention of parenting me in that way though. His generation and family culture affected his childhood and that's how he taught me too. For my generation, when I become a father I will be an authoritative parent because I have seen many good examples of children who's parents are authoritative including me though I am half and half. I personally think culture influences parenting style greatly because parenting is inherited generation by generation and that's why people think getting married someone is very important and consider their family background.

RWinkel said...

Good posts from the both of you. We don't use the term "Authoritative" anymore... What term do you think it has it been replaced with? rw

Hee Young Park said...

This post is very intresting. I always think about how children's personality related to parenting styles.I agree with authoritative is most succesful parenting. In my case,when I was young my father was very authoritative. He tought me what do I need to do for what I wanted. for example, if I want to go out first, I need to ask him and finish my homeworks. Than I could go outside to play with my friends. In my opinion that was very reasonable and good habit for kid. Moreover, that makes me stronger resonsibility.
Children are kind of potential energy for our society. They will grow up and being lead out society. It is very important how they will grow up and which types of parents will raise them.